PREDNASAJUCI / LECTURER :

Luboš Neslušan

(1) Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
059 60 Tatranská Lomnica

NAZOV / TITLE :

Newly discovered phenomenon in the interior of compact objects
within the general relativity

ABSTRAKT / ABSTRACT :

There is about nine-decade history of the studies of relativistic
compact objects (RCOs), like neutron stars. Though the brilliant ideas
led to a significant progress, a reasonable skepticism was absent,
enough, according to the recent analyses. Some claims were based just
on an opinion and analogy with the Newtonian physics, but have never
been proved. In our contribution, we point out the misleading
assumptions and postulates. The main source of problems seems to be
following. There are four non-trivial Einstein's field equations (EFEs),
when a spherically symmetric neutron star is modeled. They contain four
unknown quantities. When the usual stress-energy tensor is supplied, two
of these equations are identical, therefore we have only three EFEs, in
fact, but four unknown quantities remain. It is necessary to supply the
fourth equation from outside of the general relativity. For a realistic
object, only the equation of state (EoS) of realistic gas can be the
fourth equation. In the past, various equations, corresponding to the
assumptions originating in a human fantasy, were however considered.
Unfortunately, the conclusions based on the solution of such the system
of equations have been used as the arguments in the descriptions of real
objects.

Taking the realistic EoS into account, we explain that (1) there is
no regular (i.e. in the form of full sphere) solution of the EFEs
(neither for the objects with a mass below the Oppenheimer-Volkoff
limit); (2) in the deepest interior of RCO, the mass-center of dominant
matter is located further from the RCO-center than a test particle and
this results in an acceleration of the particle away from the center
and, globally, in an occurrence of inner RCO surface; (3) the zero net
gravity of RCO is not in the RCO's central point, but in a sphere of
finite radius. The RCO's energy is stored not only above the zero-gravity
distance, but also below it. Hence, there is a `hidden energy', which is
negligible in the case of a non-relativistic object (e.g. Sun), but can
be several orders of magnitude larger than the energy above the
zero-gravity distance in the case of super-massive RCOs. (For example,
the quasars can contain several orders of magnitude more energy than we
think they have.) In other words, we explain that the original general
relativity occurs to be a much more valuable theory than a mixture of
this theory and various additional postulates.